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Archaeology of trade : ウィキペディア英語版
Archaeology of trade

The archaeology of trade and exchange is a sub-discipline of archaeology that identifies how material goods and ideas were transferred between human populations. The terms “trade” and “exchange” have slightly different connotations: trade focuses on the long-distance circulation of material goods; exchange considers the transfer of persons and ideas.
Archaeological studies often encompass a special consideration of pre-modern societies. Within these regions, markets, currency, craft production, ownership, and concepts such as buying and selling do not align with our contemporary understanding. Much of the discipline involves analyzing the significance of trade and exchange in the historical eras predating globalization. Part of this might be appreciation that earlier economies were more strongly defined by religious, ethnic, and national partitions, and that the exchange of goods was often more about strengthening social bonds than pure commercial interaction. The archaeology of trade therefore places an emphasis on the transference of alien strains of thought and social practices between isolated communities, not exclusively on the exchange of physical goods.
The archaeology of trade and exchange is also concerned with how trade may have influenced social development and power structures, how and between which cultures it emerged. These aspects are often just as important as studying the trade materials themselves. In light of this, the archaeology of trade has become paramount in understanding the emergence of particular cultures and societies.
==Influences on ancient trade and exchange==
The theory and practice of the archaeology of trade and exchange have been influenced by several important schools of thought.

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